the westminster standards - a personal study


Welcome to my study on the Westminster Standards!

This site is a personal study and walk through the documents known as the Westminster Standards.

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I've used various resources as study aids in my walk through the catechism. Vos's book first got me to thinking that working through the WLC in a catechising manner would be a good approach to studying the document and applying modern questions to this timeless document.

The Westminster Larger Catechism (Vos)
The Larger Catechism: A Critical Text and Introduction
The Confession and Catechisms with Proof Texts

Westminster Larger Catechism

This is my study page for the larger catechism. My goal is to work through 2 questions per week, and sometimes more, though I will not be feeling guilty if I choose to spend more time on some questions as I see fit. Furthermore, I will not be guilting myself if I fall behind by a week or two, as deep study does not require hurry. As I work through each question in the catechism, I'll ask questions about the questions, catechising the catechism, if you will. Why not, I say?

Answer: The chief and highest end of man is to glorify God and fully to enjoy Him forever.

My Questions

What is the difference between "chief" and "highest"?
The term "chief" refers to that which is first in rank or importance, while "highest" emphasizes the supreme or ultimate nature of the end. Together, they reinforce that glorifying God and enjoying Him is both the most important and the most exalted purpose for humanity.

What does it mean to live a life that glofifies God?
To live a life that glorifies God means to honor Him in all aspects of life—our thoughts, words, actions, and motivations. It involves seeking to reflect God's character, obeying His commands, loving others as He has loved us, and using our gifts and opportunities to point others to Him. Glorifying God is not limited to religious activities but encompasses our entire way of living, making God the center and purpose of all we do.

Why is "fully" included as a descriptive element of enjoying God?
The inclusion of "fully" emphasizes the completeness and depth of the enjoyment intended. It means not just a partial or occasional delight in God, but a wholehearted, unreserved, and continual enjoyment. This points to the idea that our satisfaction in God is meant to be total, lacking nothing, and that true fulfillment is found in Him alone.

What examples can we cite of ways humans tend to spend their lives other than glorifying God and fully enjoying Him?
Humans often spend their lives pursuing various ends that do not glorify God, such as seeking personal fame, wealth, or pleasure. Many chase after material possessions, status, or power, believing these will bring fulfillment. Others may focus on self-centered pursuits, such as indulging in entertainment, engaging in sinful behaviors, or prioritizing personal comfort over spiritual growth. Even good things, like family, career, or hobbies, can become distractions if they take precedence over our relationship with God. The challenge is to ensure that all aspects of our lives are oriented towards glorifying God and finding our ultimate joy in Him, rather than in transient or worldly pursuits.

What worldly principles undergird the viewpoint that total fulfillment and satisfaction can or should be found in something other than God?
Worldly principles that suggest total fulfillment and satisfaction can be found outside of God often include materialism, hedonism, and secular humanism. Materialism promotes the idea that physical possessions and wealth are the ultimate sources of happiness. Hedonism emphasizes the pursuit of pleasure as the highest good, often at the expense of moral or spiritual considerations. Secular humanism focuses on human reason, ethics, and justice without reference to God, suggesting that humans can find meaning and purpose in their own abilities and achievements. These principles can lead individuals to seek fulfillment in transient things rather than in a relationship with God, which is where true and lasting satisfaction is found.

How Does Evolutionary Theory Play Into These Modern Worldviews?
Evolutionary theory, particularly as interpreted in secular contexts, often undergirds worldviews that see human existence as the result of random processes and natural selection rather than divine purpose. This perspective can lead to the belief that meaning, fulfillment, and morality are self-derived or socially constructed, rather than rooted in God. As a result, some adopt the view that ultimate satisfaction is found in survival, self-actualization, or the pursuit of personal or collective goals, rather than in glorifying and enjoying God. This contrasts with the catechism's teaching that true fulfillment is found only in relationship with the Creator.

Answer: The very light of nature in man, and the works of God, declare plainly that there is a God; but his word and Spirit only do sufficiently and effectually reveal him unto men for their salvation.

My Questions

What is "the very light of nature in man?"
The "light of nature" refers to the innate sense or awareness within every human being that points to the existence of God. It includes conscience, reason, and the ability to discern right from wrong, as well as an intuitive recognition of a higher power or Creator. This concept teaches that, apart from special revelation, people have a natural capacity to perceive that there is a God through observation of themselves and the world around them.

In his song "Don't You Want to Thank Someone," Andrew Peterson writes, "Can't you feel it in your bones, something isn't right here. Something that you've always known, but you don't know why? 'Cause every time the sun goes down, we face another night here. Waiting for the world to spin around, just to survive. But when you see the morning sun, burning through a silver mist, don't you want to thank someone? Don't you want to thank someone for this?"

What are the works of God?
The "works of God" refer to all that God has created and done in the world, including the universe, nature, human beings, and the ongoing providence and order seen in creation. These works display God's power, wisdom, and goodness, serving as evidence of His existence and character to all who observe them.

Why do some not agree that the two above are plain in their declaration of God?
Some do not agree that the "light of nature" and the "works of God" plainly declare God's existence due to differing worldviews, personal experiences, or philosophical perspectives. Skepticism, atheism, and agnosticism often arise from reliance on empirical evidence, scientific reasoning, or a belief that natural phenomena can be explained without reference to a divine being. Additionally, cultural influences, upbringing, and the presence of suffering or evil in the world may lead some to question or reject the idea that creation and conscience point clearly to God. Ultimately, the catechism teaches that while these evidences are available to all, only God's Word and Spirit can reveal Him effectually for salvation.

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Answer: The holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testament are the Word of God, the only rule of faith and obedience.

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